Monitoring non-carbonated (‘still’) mineral waters for aerobic colonization

Fifty samples each of two leading brands of French, non-carbonated (‘still’) mineral waters, packed in plastic bottles, were stored in the dark for one month at approximately 20°C to allow marked proliferation of their autotrophic microbial flora. Upon completion of this challenge test 1250 ml per bottle were filtered through five membranes, which were subsequently cultured on 1/10 strength nutrient agar for 48 h at a temperature favouring the growth of thermotrophic organisms only, i.e. 42 ± 0.5°C. The numbers of colonies per one litre were below 10³ in all samples and did not exceed 200 in 56–80%, depending on the brand. Identification of the isolates demonstrated strong inhibition of the psychrotrophic. Gram-negative types, predominating in the association flora of stored still waters and preponderance of Gram-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci. Consequently, a Reference Value for the thermotrophic autotrophic colony count per 1 ml in still, commercial mineral waters of the order m = 1 and M = 5 seems justified. It is emphasized that, besides examining for these trivial organism, the usual tests for marker bacteria (Escherichia coli and Lancefield group D streptococci) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa should always be carried out.     

基于细菌觅食机理改进粒子群算法的研究

粒子群算法与细菌觅食算法在优化问题中均体现了较好的性能,但由于各自特定的进化机制,也都存在缺点。粒子群优化（PSO）算法在优化过程中过快陷入局部极值,为了避免这个缺陷,提出了一种新的混合算法。通过PSO算法完成整个空间的全局搜索,通过细菌觅食算法（BFOA）中的趋向性运动算子完成局部搜索的功能,再通过典型函数进行测试,结果表明新算法可以有效弥补细菌觅食算法速度不快和粒子群算法精度不高的缺陷,同时部分地避免了局部收敛的问题,从而适用于解决复杂函数的优化问题。     

硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀的微生物防治研究进展

综述了硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀领域的微生物防治措施的研 究进展，并对微生物菌种的选择、防治机理以及应用等方面进行了探讨.     

一株秸秆纤维素降解菌株的筛选及其降解特性

纤维素是自然界一种最重要的可再生资源,本文从玉米地土壤中分离出 1 株产纤维素酶能力较强的菌株J-N3。以羧甲基纤维素为唯一碳源的分离培养基和刚果红染色法进行初筛,再将筛选到的菌株进行液体发酵培养并测定酶活。结合形态学特征与分子生物学鉴定结果得知,菌株J-N3为芽孢杆菌属( Bacillus)。并对其酶学性质进行初步研究,得到酶最适pH为6.0时,最适反应温度为50 ℃。玉米秸秆经菌株 J-N3处理20 d 时,秸秆失重率及纤维素分解率分别达到26.22%、31.01%。     

石油烃污染土壤活性碳增强微波热修复及菌剂深度降解试验研究

利用活性碳增强微波热效应对某石油化工厂区石油烃污染土壤进行修复研究,在微波处理最佳条件下,考察场地石油烃污染土壤的处理效果,通过三维荧光（3D-EEM）和气相色谱（GC）分析了石油烃污染物的组分和去除特性,并采用菌剂强化法对修复后的土壤进行深度生物降解试验。结果表明：活性碳增强微波热修复技术对石油烃污染土壤具有较好的去除效果,在微波功率700 W、辐照15 min、土壤含水率10%、添加5%活性碳的试验条件下,可将土壤中的石油烃含量由5 700 mg/kg降至2 800 mg/kg,去除率达50.9%;GC分析表明：土壤中污染组分主要为TPH（C₆-C₉）、TPH（C₁₅-C₂₈）和TPH（C₂₉-C₃₆）,经微波热修复后,土壤中TPH（C₁₅-C₂₈）去除率较高,达到70.4%;3D-EEM解析表明：微波热消解对土壤中三环芳烃及其同系物去除效果较好;对微波热修复后的土壤进行工程菌剂深度生物降解14 d后,污染土壤中石油烃含量降至716.8 mg/kg,去除率提升至74.4%,达到《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB 36600-2018）中的第一类用地筛选值。     

The Inflammatory Profile of Obesity and the Role on Pulmonary Bacterial and Viral Infections

Obesity is a globally increasing health problem, entailing diverse comorbidities such as infectious diseases. An obese weight status has marked effects on lung function that can be attributed to mechanical dysfunctions. Moreover, the alterations of adipocyte-derived signal mediators strongly influence the regulation of inflammation, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Our review summarizes the known effects regarding pulmonary bacterial and viral infections. For this, we discuss model systems that allow mechanistic investigation of the interplay between obesity and lung infections. Overall, obesity gives rise to a higher susceptibility to infectious pathogens, but the pathogenetic process is not clearly defined. Whereas, viral infections often show a more severe course in obese patients, the same patients seem to have a survival benefit during bacterial infections. In particular, we summarize the main mechanical impairments in the pulmonary tract caused by obesity. Moreover, we outline the main secretory changes within the expanded adipose tissue mass, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Finally, we connect these altered host factors to the influence of obesity on the development of lung infection by summarizing observations from clinical and experimental data.     

Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere and Root Nodule of Soybean: Impacts of Growth Stages and Varieties

Bacterial communities in rhizosphere and root nodules have significant contributions to the growth and productivity of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In this report, we analyzed the physiological properties and dynamics of bacterial community structure in rhizosphere and root nodules at different growth stages using BioLog EcoPlate and high-throughput sequencing technology, respectively. The BioLog assay found that the metabolic capability of rhizosphere is in increasing trend in the growth of soybeans as compared to the bulk soil. As a result of the Illumina sequencing analysis, the microbial community structure of rhizosphere and root nodules was found to be influenced by the variety and growth stage of the soybean. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria were the most abundant in rhizosphere at all growth stages, followed by Alphaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria, and the phylum Bacteroidetes showed the greatest change. But, in the root nodules Alphaproteobacteria were dominant. The results of the OTU analysis exhibited the dominance of Bradyrhizobium during the entire stage of growth, but the ratio of non-rhizobial bacteria showed an increasing trend as the soybean growth progressed. These findings revealed that bacterial community in the rhizosphere and root nodules changed according to both the variety and growth stages of soybean in the field.     

A new strain Acidithiobacillus albertensis BY-05 for bioleaching of metal sulfides ores

An acidophilic,rod-shaped Gram-negative sulfur oxidizing strain BY-05 was isolated from an acid mine drainage of copper ore in Baiyin area,Gansu Province,China.Ultrastructural studies show that the isolate has a tuft of polar flagella and possesses sulfur granules with clear membrane adhering to the cell innermembrane.Physiological study shows that this isolate grows autotrophically and aerobically by oxidizing S0and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds(SO, 2 23-SO, 2 24- S2 -and ZnS)with the optimum growth at pH 3.5-4.0 and at the temperature range of 25-30℃.The 16S rRNA gene sequence(DQ 423683)of strain BY-05 has 100%sequence similarity to that of Acidithiobacillus albertensis(DSM 14366).So it is identified and named as A. albertensis BY-05.Bioleaching experiments with this new strain show that it can play an important role in recovery of metals from chalcopyrite and sphalerite.     

季鏻盐型缓蚀剂对SRB诱导碳钢腐蚀过程的缓蚀与杀菌作用

采用最大可能计数法对两种季盐型缓蚀剂BHP 1及BHP 2的杀菌效果进行了评价。结果发现 ,BHP 1具有良好的杀菌性能 ,且最佳杀菌浓度为 6 0× 10 -6g/L ,两者的杀菌效果均优于广泛使用的新洁尔灭。采用电化学方法、腐蚀失重实验及表面分析法研究了 4 5 # 碳钢在含硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB)的厌氧体系中的腐蚀行为。结果表明 :SRB能加速 4 5 # 碳钢的点蚀破坏。两种季盐能有效控制SRB溶液对 4 5 # 碳钢的腐蚀破坏 ,使点蚀电位正移 ,对SRB溶液中的 4 5 # 碳钢具有良好的缓蚀作用 ,缓蚀效果为BHP 1>BHP 2     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的研究进展

评述了近年来城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的研究进展,重点介绍了生物处理的新方法:ANAMMOX–SHARON组合法、好氧同步脱氮除磷法和倒置A2/O法,并比较了各种工艺的优缺点。指出反硝化聚磷技术在倒置A2/O工艺中的应用将成为城市污水同步脱氮除磷研究的一个重要发展方向。